|
3. TRENDS OF OVERCROWDING
The prisoner population as on 31.12.2010 has marginally declined by 3.47% in comparison to the population on 31.12.2009. The trend of decline of prison population which started in year 2007 retain its momentum and there are several factors responsible for maintaining this level which includes fast judicial pronouncement, fewer arrests under preventive sections of laws, release of poor prisoners who were unable to furnish surety, disposal of cases through Special/Plea Bargaining Courts etc, etc. The trend of overcrowding of Delhi Prisons during the preceding 10 years is depicted in the table below:-
|
Total
population
of
prisoners
as on 31
December
of each
year |
11023 |
12041 |
12172 |
12580 |
12317 |
13436 |
11605 |
11553 |
11246 |
10856 |
|
YEAR |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
4. PRISONERS PROFILE
PRISON POPULATION CATEGORY WISE AS ON 31.12.2012.
|
|
%AGE |
|
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
MALE |
FEMALE |
|
UNDERTRIALS |
8472 |
415 |
73.20 |
76.85 |
|
CONVICTS |
3094 |
125 |
26.73 |
23.15 |
|
DETENUES |
05 |
0 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
|
OTHERS |
02 |
0 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
|
TOTAL |
11573 |
540 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
Overall population (inclusive of both males and females) comprised 8087 undertrials (74.49%), 2751 Convicts (25.34%) and 18 detenus/others (0.17%). This figure includes 449 foreigner prisoners, majority of whom were from Nigeria, Nepal,Pakistan,and Bangladesh etc.
The comparison of above figures of prison population with those of 2009 reveal that there is decrease of around 9% in undertrial population while there is corresponding increase @20% in the convict population. The increase in percentage of convicts show there was better conviction rate during the year.
It may be worthwhile to mention here that national average of undertrial prisoners in country jails was around 66.6% and in Delhi the population of undertrials(74.49%) is much above the national average.
5. DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF PRISONERS
The Prison administration compiles the demographic details of the prisoners on the basis of information supplied by them at the time of their admission into the jail.
A. Marital Status :-
As per figures available with prison Administration the married people constitute 52.53% of total male population whereas unmarried form 47.47%. In the female prisoner 81.19% of female population were married and 18.81% were unmarried. During the year 2009 the percentage of male married inmates was 51.46% and female was 80.75% and male unmarried population was 48.54% and female 19.25%. Thus there is decline of about 1% population of male married inmates and corresponding increase in the unmarried whereas in the female category there is increase of less than 1% in the married population and corresponding decrease in the unmarried population. This is reflected from the Table-A
Table A.
|
|
Percentage |
|
|
Male |
Female |
|
A.1 Married |
52.53 |
81.19 |
|
A.2 Un-married |
47.47 |
18.81 |
B. Educational Standard:-
As per data compiled the majority of the prison population (around 66%) are possessing the education standards below class –X, thus proving the linkage between the education standard and criminality. Lesser the literacy more is the crime. The comparisons between figures of education standards of inmates between year 2009 and 2010 shows the same trend.
The Prison administration is taking every possible step to increase the literacy rate of the prisoners. There are centers of National Institutes of Open School and Indira Gandhi National Open University to impart education to the prisoners. More emphasis on Academic education is given in the adolescent and female prison. The Adult education classes are organized in each jail. Table –B reflect the education standards of the prisoners at the time of their admission in jail.
Table –B.
|
|
|
Male% |
Female % |
|
1. |
Illiterate |
31.71 |
55.05 |
|
2 |
Below class X |
33.78 |
18.42 |
|
3 |
Class X & above but below graduation |
26.16 |
16.04 |
|
4 |
Graduation |
5.85 |
8.51 |
|
5 |
Post-graduation |
1.19 |
1.78 |
|
6 |
Holding Technical
Degree/Diploma etc. |
1.31 |
0.20 |
|
|
C. Domicile :-
Around 72% of Prison population belongs to Delhi and 24% of belongs to outside States like UP,Haryana,Bihar and Rajasthan etc. and around 4% brlong to other countries.
Table –C.
|
|
|
Male |
Female |
|
1. |
Belong to Delhi |
71.18 |
79.41 |
|
2. |
Belong to others states |
24.99 |
10.10 |
|
3. |
Belong to other country |
3.83 |
10.49 |
D. Income status of the prisoners :-
The majority segment of prisoners come from the lower strata of the society. Around 77% of the prison population comprises the people who were earning the annual income below Rs.50,000/- at the time of their arrest. The prisoner whose earning was upto Rs.1,00,000/- per year constituted around 15% of the population and rest 8% were the people whose earning was above Rs.1,00,000/- as on 31.12.2010.
Table-D
|
S.No. |
INCOME GRADE (ANNUAL |
|
|
% AGE |
|
|
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
MALE |
FEMALE |
|
1 |
Grade A(UPTO 10000) |
2191 |
96 |
21.17 |
19.01 |
|
2 |
Grade B(10001-30000) |
2072 |
237 |
20.02 |
46.93 |
|
3 |
Grade C(30001-50000) |
3680 |
87 |
35.55 |
17.23 |
|
4 |
Grade D(50001-100000) |
1591 |
59 |
15.37 |
11.68 |
|
5 |
Grade E(100001-200000) |
641 |
19 |
6.19 |
3.76 |
|
6 |
Grade F(200001-400000) |
117 |
7 |
1.13 |
1.39 |
|
7 |
Grade G(400001-Above) |
59 |
0 |
0.57 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
10351 |
505 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
OUTSIDE OCCUPATION OF INMATES
|
S.No |
OCCUPATION |
MALE |
FEMALE |
TOTAL |
|
1 |
AGRICULTURE (FARMING & LAND) |
436 |
3 |
439 |
|
2 |
AGRICULTURAL LABOUR |
1839 |
20 |
1859 |
|
3 |
BUSINESS |
1554 |
0 |
1554 |
|
4 |
GOVT. SERVICES |
225 |
7 |
232 |
|
5 |
PRIVATE SERVICES |
2216 |
35 |
2251 |
|
6 |
OTHERS |
4081 |
440 |
4521 |
|
|
TOTAL |
10351 |
505 |
10856 |
E. AGEWISE POPULATION OF PRISONERS
Majority of the Prison population around 54% were in the age group of 21-30 years. Next come the prisoners in the age group of 30-50 years which is around 32%. Around 0.92% of the prisoners were more than 65 years of age. The figures further demonstrate that criminality in male offender was dominant in the age group of 21-30 years while in the female offender it was maximum in the age group of 30-50 years (because of dowry related offences). The Prison administration regularly take up the cases of seriously sick and aged prisoner with the concerned trial courts so that if the court consider it fit the prisoner can be released on bail. The age-wise classification of undertrial and convicted prisoners is depicted in the table –E1 & E2 below:-
E-1 UNDERTRIALS:-
|
S.NO. |
AGE GROUP |
NO. OF PRISONERS |
%AGE |
|
|
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
MALE |
FEMALE |
|
1 |
18-21 Years |
822 |
20 |
10.70 |
4.99 |
|
2 |
21-30 Years |
4505 |
120 |
58.61 |
29.93 |
|
3 |
30-50 Years |
2024 |
190 |
26.33 |
47.38 |
|
4 |
50-65 Years |
283 |
58 |
3.68 |
14.46 |
|
5 |
65 Yrs & Above |
52 |
13 |
0.68 |
3.24 |
|
|
|
7686 |
401 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
E2 CONVICTS:-
|
S.NO. |
AGE GROUP |
NO. OF PRISONERS |
%AGE |
|
|
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
MALE |
FEMALE |
|
1 |
18-21 Years |
57 |
2 |
2.15 |
1.92 |
|
2 |
21-30 Years |
1184 |
17 |
44.73 |
16.35 |
|
3 |
30-50 Years |
1171 |
60 |
44.24 |
57.69 |
|
4 |
50-65 Years |
202 |
23 |
7.63 |
22.12 |
|
5 |
65 Yrs & Above |
33 |
2 |
1.25 |
1.92 |
|
|
|
2647 |
104 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
F. RECIDIVISM DURING THE YEAR 2010
Around 22% of the both convict and undertrial population are repeater/habitual prisoners to the crime. Of the male population of convicts around 20.59% were the repeater whereas from the female population it was 16.14%. Similarly from the undertrial population around 22% of the convict were repeater whereas from the female population around 23% were the repeater. This mean 78% of the total prison population are first time offenders. Table F-1 and F-2 show the recidivism rate in the convicts and undertrials.
Table F-1.
CONVICT
|
S.No |
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
TOTAL |
|
1 |
No. of convicts admitted during the year |
8217 |
223 |
8440 |
|
2 |
Out of which repeater convicts |
1692 |
36 |
1728 |
|
|
Percentage |
20.59% |
16.14% |
20.47% |
Table F-2.
UNDERTRIAL
|
S.No |
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
TOTAL |
|
1 |
No. of undertrials admitted during the year |
35173 |
1270 |
36443 |
|
2 |
Out of which repeater undertrials |
7671 |
288 |
7959 |
|
|
Percentage |
21.81% |
22.68% |
21.84% |
6. OFFENCE WISE POPULATION OF PRISONERS
A. UNDERTRIALS :-
The undertrial population is divided into two categories, one comprises undertrial who are facing charges under Indian Penal Code (IPC) and others who are facing charges under Local and Special Act Cases. (L & S A Cases).
There has been increase in the number of male prisoners facing trial in IPC offences, in year 2009 it was 80.71% whereas in the year 2010 it was 83.56% of the total population, thus an increase of 2.85%. However, there is major decline of the prison population in the Local & Special Law category which has been decline from 19.27% in year 2009 to 16.44% thus a decline of 2.83%.
Table G.
|
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
TOTAL |
|
IPC CASES |
6423 |
289 |
6712 |
|
SPECIAL & LOCAL LAWS CASES |
1263 |
112 |
1375 |
|
CIVIL & OTHER CASES |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
7686 |
401 |
8087 |
The detailed offence wise analysis of undertrial prisoners is depicted in Table H below:-
Table H.
A. IPC CASES B. LOCAL AND SPECIAL ACT CASES
| IPC CASES |
%AGE |
%AGE |
L & LS CASES |
%AGE |
%AGE |
| MALE |
FEMALE |
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
| Murder |
33.47(32.79) |
46.15(56.63) |
Arms |
2.87(3.03) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Attempt to commit murder |
5.93(8.02) |
6.73(3.61) |
N.D.P.S. |
6.99(8.15) |
13.46(13.25) |
| |
|
|
Excise |
0.38(0.68) |
0.00(2.41) |
| Rape |
14.70(13.99) |
7.69(3.61) |
EXPL Subst. |
1.55(0.82) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Kidnapping & Abduction |
3.66(3.89) |
10.58(8.44) |
TADA |
0.53(1.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Dacoity |
10.62(8.29) |
1.92(0.00) |
Gambling |
0.04(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Prep & Asmbly for Dacoity |
0.53(0.95) |
0.00(0.00) |
Indian Railways |
0.23(0.41) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Robbery |
1.47(2.26) |
0.00(0.00) |
Dowry Prohibition Act |
0.38(1.22) |
0.00(4.82) |
| Burglary |
0.08(0.45) |
0.00(0.00) |
Prevention of Corruption |
0.83(0.23) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Thefts |
04.91(6.57) |
0.00(0.00) |
Indian Official Secet Act |
0.11(0.14) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Extortion |
0.08(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
Regs. of Foreigner Act |
0.04(0.23) |
0.96(0.00) |
| Riots |
0.11(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
Other L&SL Offence |
0.27(0.59) |
0.00(2.41) |
| Criminal Breach of Trust |
0.00(0.27) |
0.00(0.00) |
Cfe & Psa Act |
0.23(0.00) |
0.96(0.00) |
| Arson |
0.11(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
Civil & other cases |
0.11(0.09) |
0.00(0.00) |
| Cheating |
1.21(0.91) |
0.00(1.20) |
|
|
|
| Counterfeiting |
0.60(0.36) |
0.00(1.20) |
|
|
|
| Dowry Deaths |
2.64(2.99) |
08.66(2.42) |
|
|
|
| Molestation |
0.26(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
|
|
| Eve-Teasing |
0.00(0.09) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
|
|
| Other IPC Crimes |
5.06(1.49) |
2.89(0.00) |
|
|
|
The figure in bracket () reflect the figures of year-2009
The analysis & comparison of this year male prisoners profile with that of year 2009 shows that in IPC cases there is slight increase in the murder and theft cases (2.74% and 2.25% respectively) while dacoity shows decline by 3.40% and in other cases there is negligible variation (less than 1%). The profile of female prisoners shows that there is increase in Cheating cases by 4.94%, theft cases 4.71%, kidnapping and abduction act by 2.65% and in rape cases by 2.47%.
In Local and Special Law categories there is decline in the Arms Act and NDPS Act cases (1.03% and 0.38% respectively) while dowry prohibition act shows increase by 0.79% of male prisoners. The profile of female prisoners shows that there is decrease of prisoners in dowry prohibition act by 6.88% and NDPS cases by 0.46% while there is slight variation in other cases.
A. CONVICTS
In the male prisoner population the convicts constituted 25.57% (2647) and in the female convicts constituted 20.59% (104). The average convicts prisoners population in Delhi Prisons in the year 2009 was 20.21% whereas in the year 2010 it has been 25.34%, thus an increase of 4.56% over the last year. The convict population is divided into two categories, one comprising convicts who have been convicted under Indian Penal Code (IPC) and others who are convicted under Local and Special Act Cases.
Table I.
|
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
TOTAL |
|
IPC CASES |
2262 |
88 |
2350 |
|
SPECIAL & LOCAL LAWS CASES |
382 |
16 |
398 |
|
CIVIL & OTHER CASES |
03 |
0 |
03 |
|
TOTAL |
2647 |
104 |
2751 |
Table J.
A. IPC CASES B. LOCAL AND SPECIAL ACT CASES
|
IPC CASES |
%AGE |
%AGE |
L & LS CASES |
%AGE |
%AGE |
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
|
Murder |
33.47 (32.79) |
46.15 (56.63) |
Arms |
2.87(3.03) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
Attempt to commit murder |
5.93(8.02) |
6.73 (3.61) |
N.D.P.S. |
6.99 (8.15) |
13.46(13.25) |
|
|
|
|
Excise |
0.38 (0.68) |
0.00 (2.41) |
|
Rape |
14.70 (13.99) |
7.69 (3.61) |
EXPL Subst. |
1.55(0.82) |
0.00 (0.00) |
|
Kidnapping & Abduction |
3.66(3.89) |
10.58(8.44) |
TADA |
0.53(1.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
Dacoity
|
10.62(8.29) |
1.92(0.00) |
Gambling |
0.04(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
Prep & Asmbly for Dacoity |
0.53 (0.95) |
0.00(0.00) |
Indian Railways |
0.23(0.41) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
Robbery |
1.47(2.26) |
0.00(0.00) |
Dowry Prohibition Act |
0.38(1.22) |
0.00(4.82) |
|
Burglary |
0.08(0.45) |
0.00(0.00) |
Prevention of Corruption |
0.83(0.23) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
Thefts |
04.91(6.57) |
0.00(0.00) |
Indian Official Secet Act |
0.11(0.14) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
Extortion |
0.08(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
Regs. of Foreigner Act |
0.04(0.23) |
0.96(0.00) |
|
Riots |
0.11(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
Other L&SL Offence |
0.27(0.59) |
0.00(2.41) |
|
Criminal Breach of Trust |
0.00(0.27) |
0.00(0.00) |
Cfe & Psa Act |
0.23(0.00) |
0.96(0.00) |
|
Arson |
0.11(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
Civil & other cases |
0.11(0.09) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
Cheating |
1.21(0.91) |
0.00(1.20) |
|
|
|
|
Counterfeiting |
0.60(0.36) |
0.00(1.20) |
|
|
|
|
Dowry Deaths |
2.64(2.99) |
08.66(2.42) |
|
|
|
|
Molestation |
0.26(0.00) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
|
|
|
Eve-Teasing |
0.00(0.09) |
0.00(0.00) |
|
|
|
|
Other IPC Crimes |
5.06(1.49) |
2.89(0.00) |
|
|
|
The figure in bracket () reflect the figures of year-2009.
In 2010,There were 952 convicts undergoing life imprisonment and 18 prisoners have been awarded death penalty. On the corresponding year 2009 there were 779 life convicts and 08 prisoners facing death penalty.
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